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Schreiber教授因發(fā)明PAM系列調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x而獲得首屆國(guó)際光合作用協(xié)會(huì)（ISPR）創(chuàng)新獎(jiǎng)

主要功能

 * 對(duì)水生植物、珊瑚,、大型海藻樣品,，或多孔板上的微藻樣品進(jìn)行熒光成像測(cè)量

 * 測(cè)量程序包括熒光誘導(dǎo)曲線、快速光曲線,、淬滅分析,、暗弛豫分析等

 * 自定義感興趣的區(qū)域（AOI），數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)限獲取

 * 以**個(gè)AOI（微藻）為對(duì)照,，軟件自動(dòng)計(jì)算其它所有AOI（有毒物質(zhì)處理的微藻）的光合活性受抑制的比率

 * 光合橫向異質(zhì)性的定量分析

 * 熒光圖像可導(dǎo)出為JPEG,、PNG或TIFF格式

應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

微藻、大型海藻,、珊瑚,、水生植物的生理學(xué)研究，特別適于模式種的突變株快速篩選,，以及大批量微藻樣品的毒理學(xué)研究,。

成像參數(shù)Fo， Fm,， F,， Ft， Fm',， Fv/Fm,， ΔF/Fm'， qL,， qP,， qN， NPQ,， Y(NPQ),， Y(NO)， ETR,， Abs,， NIR和Red等

* 以上所有參數(shù)均可成像

* 吸光系數(shù)Abs和新參數(shù)qL、Y(NPQ)和Y(NO)的成像是IMAGING-PAM獨(dú)有的

* 生態(tài)毒理學(xué)研究中,，選一個(gè)參考點(diǎn),，可以直接求出其它處理（如農(nóng)藥）的受抑制程度Inh.

IMAGING-PAM應(yīng)用于水生生物學(xué)、海洋學(xué)、毒理學(xué)等領(lǐng)域的部分文獻(xiàn)

1.Császár NBM,， Ralph PJ， Frankham R,， Berkelmans R,， van Oppen MJH: Estimating the Potential for Adaptation of Corals to Climate Warming. PLoS ONE2010， 5(3):e9751. doi:9710.1371/journal.pone.0009751.[IMAGING-PAM]

2.Gao S,， Chen X-Y,， Yi Q-Q， Wang G-C,， Pan G-H,， Lin A-P， Peng G: A Strategy for the Proliferation of Ulva prolifera,， Main Causative Species of Green Tides,， with Formation of Sporangia by Fragmentation. PLoS One 2010， 5(1):e8571. doi:8510.1371/journal.pone.0008571.[IMAGING-PAM]

3.段曉瓊,， 唐秋菊,， 禇勝利， 杜林方: 利用Imaging-PAM研究萊茵衣藻對(duì)環(huán)境變化的影響. 植物生理學(xué)通訊2010,， 46(3):263-267.[IMAGING-PAM]

4.Chalifour A,， Spear PA， Boily MH,， DeBlois C,， Giroux I， Dassylva N,， Juneau P: Assessment of toxic effects of pesticide extracts on different green algal species by using chlorophyll a fluorescence. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry2009,， 91(7):1315-1329.[IMAGING-PAM]

5.Cooper TF， Ulstrup KE: Mesoscale variation in the photophysiology of the reef building coral Pocillopora damicornis along an environmental gradient Estuarine,， Coastal and Shelf Science2009,， 83(2):186-196.[IMAGING-PAM]

6.Escher BI， Bramaz N,， Lienert J,， Neuwoehner J， Straub JO: Mixture toxicity of the antiviral drug Tamiflu® (oseltamivir ethylester) and its active metabolite oseltamivir acid Aquatic Toxicology2009,， 96(3):194-202.[IMAGING-PAM]

7.Franz S,， Altenburger R， Heilmeier H,， Schmitt-Jansen M: What contributes to the sensitivity of microalgae to triclosan? . Aquatic Toxicology2009,， 90(2):102-108.[IMAGING-PAM]

8.Holzinger A， Roleda MY,， Lütz C: The vegetative arctic freshwater green algaZygnema is insensitive to experimental UV exposure Micron2009,， 40(8):931-838.[IMAGING-PAM]

9.Mieog JC,， Olsen JL， Berkelmans R,， Bleuler-Martinez SA,， Willis BL， Oppen MJHv: The Roles and Interactions of Symbiont,， Host and Environment in Defining Coral Fitness. PLoS One2009,， 4(7):e6364.[IMAGING-PAM]

10.Shaw M， Negri A,， Fabricius K,， Mueller JF: Predicting water toxicity: Pairing passive sampling with bioassays on the Great Barrier Reef Aquatic Toxicology2009， 95(2):108-116.[IMAGING-PAM]

11.Sussman M,， Mieog JC,， Doyle J， Victor S,， Willis BL,， Bourne DG: Vibrio Zinc-Metalloprotease Causes Photoinactivation of Coral Endosymbionts and Coral Tissue Lesions. PLoS ONE2009， 4(2):e4511.[IMAGING-PAM]

12.Vermeirssen ELM,， Bramaz N,， Hollender J， Singer H,， Escher BI: Passive sampling combined with ecotoxicological and chemical analysis of pharmaceuticals and biocides – evaluation of three Chemcatcher™ configurations Water Research2009,， 43(4):903-914.[IMAGING-PAM]

13.林阿朋， 王超,， 喬洪金,， 潘光華， 王廣策,， 宋厲蕓,， 孫松， 周百成: 青島海域漂浮和沉降滸苔的光合作用研究. 科學(xué)通報(bào)2009,， 54(4):294-298.[MICROSCOPY-IMAGING-PAM]

14.Abrego D,， Ulstrup KE， Willis BL,， van Oppen MJH: Species–specific interactions between algal endosymbionts and coral hosts define their bleaching response to heat and light stress Proc R Soc Lond B2008,， 275(1648):2273-2282.[IMAGING-PAM]

15.Ainsworth TD， Hoegh-Guldberg O,， Heron SF,， Skirving WJ， Leggat W: Early cellular changes are indicators of pre-bleaching thermal stress in the coral host Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2008， 364(2):63-71.[IMAGING-PAM]

16.Ali NA,， Juneau P,， Didur O， Perreault F,， Popovic R: Effect of dichromate on photosystem II activity in xanthophyll deficient mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Photosynthesis Research2008,， 95(1):45-53.[IMAGING-PAM]

17.Busch A， Rimbauld B,， Naumann B， Rensch S,， Hippler M: Ferritin is required for rapid remodeling of the photosynthetic apparatus and minimizes photo-oxidative stress in response to iron availability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Journal2008,， 55(2):201-211.[IMAGING-PAM]

18.Escher BI， Bramaz N,， Mueller JF,， Quayle P， Rutishauser S,， Vermeirssen ELM: Toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQs) for baseline toxicity and specific modes of action as a tool to improve interpretation of ecotoxicity testing of environmental samples. Journal of Environmental Monitoring2008,， 10:612-621.[IMAGING-PAM， TOXY-PAM]

19.Hall-Spencer JM,， Rodolfo-Metalpa R,， Martin S， Ransome E,， Fine M,， Turner SM， Rowley SJ,， Tedesco D,， Buia M-C: Volcanic carbon dioxide vents show ecosystem effects of ocean acidification. Nature2008， 454:96-99.[IMAGING-PAM,， DIVING-PAM]

20.Magnusson M,， Heimann K， Negri AP: Comparative effects of herbicides on photosynthesis and growth of tropical estuarine microalgae Marine Pollution Bulletin2008,， 56(9):1545-1552.[IMAGING-PAM,， TOXY-PAM]

21.Middlebrook R， Hoegh-Guldberg O,， Leggat W: The effect of thermal history on the susceptibility of reef-building corals to thermal stress. Journal of Experimental Biology2008,， 211(7):1050-1056.[IMAGING-PAM]

22.Muller R， Schreiber U,， Escher BI,， Quayle P， Nash SMB， Mueller JF: Rapid exposure assessment of PSII herbicides in surface water using a novel chlorophyll a fluorescence imaging assay Science of The Total Environment2008,， 401(1-3):1-3.[IMAGING-PAM,， TOXY-PAM]

23.Nicolaisen K， Moslavac S,， Samborski A,， Valdebenito M， Hantke K,， Maldener I,， Muro-Pastor AM， Flores E,， Schleiff E: Alr0397 is an outer membrane transporter for the siderophore schizokinen in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Journal of Bacteriology2008,， 190(22):7500-7507.[IMAGING-PAM]

24.Nielsen HD， Nielsen SL: Evaluation of imaging and conventional PAM as a measure of photosynthesis in thin- and thick-leaved marine macroalgae. Aquatic Biology2008,， 3:121-131.[IMAGING-PAM]

25.Roff G,， Kvennefors ECE， Ulstrup KE,， Fine M,， Hoegh-Guldberg O: Coral disease physiology: the impact of Acroporid white syndrome on Symbiodinium Coral Reefs2008， 27(2):373-377.[IMAGING-PAM]

26.Roff G,， Ulstrup KE,， Fine M， Ralph PJ,， Hoegh-Guldberg O: Spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity within diseased corals from the Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Phycology2008,， 44(2):526-538.[IMAGING-PAM]

27.Shaw CM， Lam PKS,， Mueller JF: Photosystem II herbicide pollution in Hong Kong and its potential photosynthetic effects on corals Marine Pollution Bulletin2008,， 57(6-12):473-478.[IMAGING-PAM]

28.Costanzo SD， Watkinson AJ,， Murby EJ,， Kolpin DW， Sandstrom MW: Is there a risk associated with the insect repellent DEET (N,，N-diethyl-m-toluamide) commonly found in aquatic environments? . Science of The Total Environment2007,， 384(1-3):214-220.[IMAGING-PAM]

29.Küster A， Altenburger R: Development and validation of a new fluorescence-based bioassay for aquatic macrophyte species Chemosphere2007,， 67(1):194-201.[IMAGING-PAM]

30.Runcie JW,， Riddle MJ: Assessing the toxic effects of dissolved copper on the Antarctic macroalga Desmarestia menziesii using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging in ecotoxicological tests Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry2007， 89(4):641-653.[DIVING-PAM,， IMAGING-PAM]

31.Schreiber U,， Quayle P,， Schmidt S， Escher BI,， Mueller JF: Methodology and evaluation of a highly sensitive algae toxicity test based on multiwell chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Biosensors and Bioelectronics2007,， 22(11):2554-2563.[IMAGING-PAM]

32.Ulstrup KE， Kühl M,， Bourne DG: Zooxanthellae harvested by ciliates associated with brown band syndrome of corals remain photosynthetically competent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology2007,， 73(6):1968-1975.[IMAGING-PAM]

33.Eggert A， Haubner N,， Klausch S,， Karsten U， Schumann R: Quantification of algal biofilms colonising building materials: chlorophyll a measured by PAM-fluorometry as a biomass parameter. Biofouling2006,， 22(1-2):79-90.[PAM-2000,， IMAGING-PAM]

34.Escher BI， Quayle P,， Muller R,， Schreiber U,， Mueller JF: Passive sampling of herbicides combined with effect analysis in algae using a novel high-throughput phytotoxicity assay (Maxi-Imaging-PAM). Journal of Environmental Monitoring2006,， 8:456-464.[IMAGING-PAM]

35.Kuster A， Altenburger R: Development and validation of a new fluorescence-based bioassay for aquatic macrophyte species. Chemosphere2006,， 67(1):194-201.[IMAGING-PAM]

36.Vopel K,， Hawes I: Photosynthetic performance of benthic microbial mats in Lake Hoare， Antarctica. Limnology and Oceanography2006,， 51(4):1801-1812.[IMAGING-PAM]

37.Gog L,， Berenbaum MR， DeLucia EH,， Zangerl AR: Autotoxic effects of essential oils on photosynthesis in parsley,， parsnip， and rough lemon. Chemoecology2005,， 15:115-119.[IMAGING-PAM]

38.Kühl M,， Chen M， Ralph PJ,， Schreiber U,， Larkum AWD: A niche for cyanobacteria containing chlorophyll d. Nature2005， 433:820.[IMAGING-PAM]

39.Nielsen HD,， Nielsen SL: Photosynthetic responses to Cu2+ exposure are independent of light acclimation and uncoupled from growth inhibition in Fucus serratus (Phaeophyceae) Marine Pollution Bulletin2005,， 51(8-12):715-721.[IMAGING-PAM]

40.Podola B， Melkonian M: Selective real-time herbicide monitoring by an array chip biosensor employing diverse microalgae. Journal of Applied Phycology2005,， 17(3):261-271.[IMAGING-PAM]

41.Ralph PJ,， Macinnis-Ng CMO,， Frankart C: Fluorescence imaging application: effect of leaf age on seagrass photokinetics. Aquatic Botany2005， 81:69-84.[IMAGING-PAM]

42.Ralph PJ,， Schreiber U,， Gademann R， Kühl M,， Larkum AWD: Coral photobiology studied with a new imaging pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Journal of Phycology2005,， 41(2):335-342.[IMAGING-PAM]

43.Hill R， Larkum AWD,， Frankart C,， Kühl M， Ralph PJ: Loss of functional Photosystem II reaction centres in zooxanthellae of corals exposed to bleaching conditions: using fluorescence rise kinetics. Photosynthesis Research2004,， 82:59-72.[IMAGING-PAM]

44.Hill R,， Schreiber U， Gademann R,， Larkum AWD,， Kühl M， Ralph PJ: Spatial heterogeneity of photosynthesis and the effect of temperature-induced bleaching conditions in three species of corals. Marine Biology2004,， 144:633-640.[IMAGING-PAM]

45.Podola B,， Nowack ECM， Melkonian M: The use of multiple-strain algal sensor chips for the detection and identification of volatile organic compounds. Biosensors and Bioelectronics2004,， 19:1253-1260.[IMAGING-PAM]